Art of manufacturing hollow glass articles.



No. 760,150. PATRNTRD MAY 17, 1904.

, S. o. RIOHARDSON, In. ART o14 MANUFACTURING HOLLOW GLASS ARTICLES.

APPLIOATIUN FILED PEB. 10l 1964.

-I0 IODEIV..

n 1 u m 1 n l IZA ' smoothly-finished surface.

Patented May 1'7, 1904.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE'.

SOLON O. RICHARDSON, JR., OF TOLEDO, vOHIO.-

ART-OF MANUFACTURING HOLLOW GLASS ARTICLES.

SPECIFICATION formingpart 0f Letters Patent No. 760,150, dated May 1'7,`1904.

Application lecl February 10, 1904:. Serial No. 192,993. (No model.)

To all whom. it mja/y concern:

Be it known that I, SoLoN O. RICHARDSON, Jr., a citizen of the UnitedStates, residing at Toledo, in the county of Lucas and State of Ohio,have invented certain new-and useful Improvements in the Art oflvlanufacturing Hollow Glass Articles, of which the following is aspecication.

My invention relates to improvements in the art of manufacturing hollowglass articles.

The object of my invention is to facilitate the manufacture of hollowglass articles at one heat, and an especial object of my invention is toimprove the process of manufacturing glass articles in molds so as toget better results, and particularly so as to insure a These and suchother objects as may hereinafter appear are attained by my improvedprocess, which may be conveniently practiced by the apparatusillustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which Figure l isasectional view, of a part of a furnace, such as is shown in my copendingapplication, Serial N o. 185,804, filed December 19, 1903, upon whichhas issued my Patent No. 756,895, dated April 12, 1904. Fig. 2 is anenlarged sectional detail show-ing a second step in my process. Fig. 3is a sectional detail showing the blank in the mold after the step shownin Fig. 2. Fig. 4 is a sectional detail'illustrati ng the reheating stepin my process. Fig.'5 is a sectional detail showing a convenient meansfor completing the formation of a glass article by my process, and Fig.6 is an elevation showing the completed article in a partially-openedmold. Likevcharacters of reference indicate the same parts in theseveral figures of the draw'- ings. f

Referring to the accompanying drawings, l indicates the walls ofafurnace provided with a working'chamber 2, from which the metal iscaused to flow through a spout 3 into a pivotally-mounted ladle 4., Theladle 4 is provided with an inlet-opening 5 and with an axis 6 and is somounted that it may be readily tipped upon its longitudinal axis by anyconvenient mech anism-such, for instance, as that shown more in'detailin my said copending4 application.

7 is a truck arranged to be moved into and out of \the casting-chamber8'of the furnace, said casting-chamber 8 being under the same arch 9whichV extends over the working and reducing chambers of the furnace andbeing kept heated by any suitable means.

Mounted upon the truck 7 is a familiar form of mold comprising an uppersection 9 and a lower section lO, each'of said sections being also splitvertically, as shown, and being separable from each other. The uppersection 9 inthe form of mold as shown is provided with a nipple A at itsupper end and a similar nippleB at its lower end. The lower section 10is provided at its upper end with an undercut collar C, adapted toengage the nipple B when the halves of the lower section are clampedtogether. -lVIetal is cast in the mold from the ladle 4 within thecasting-chamber 8 in the presence of ahigh temperature, the mold beingbut partially filled, as shown in Fig. l. The mold is then placed underany suitable press, (not shown,) the plunger 11 of which (fm/'de Fig.2)'is pressed into the metal, forcing the same up into the form of blankshown in Fig. 2. The plunger being withdrawn, the mold is partiallyfilled with the blank 12. (T7/de Fig. 3.) It will be noted that themetal forming the blank has been forced into a recess 13 in the uppersection 9 of the mold, which recess, as shown in the drawings, is in theform of an annular groove. The halves of the lower section l0 ofthe moldare now separated, so that the lower section 10 is disengaged from theupper section 9, and the blank 12 is left de- 'pending from the uppersection 9, being conveniently held therein by the engagment between theblank l2 and the groove 13. Although the glass will still be hot enoughto complete the formation of the article by blowing or vby other similarmeans, the blank will be cooler at its outer face as compared with itsinterior, and the surface which has come in contact with the mold willbear the marks of the mold and the marks showing the grain of the metalforming the mold. To enable me to eliminate these marks, which wouldotherwise appear on thekfinished article and mar the surface of thesame, as well as to facilitate the completion of the article to beformed from the blank, I now reheat the blank which has been so moldedby exposing the same within the glory-hole 14 (eide Fig. 4) of a glass-furnace, said gloryhole being heated in a familiar manner, fuel beingsupplied thereto through pipes 15. The surface of the blank 12 havingbeen thus reheated and resoftened, a suitable finishing-mold 16 andblower-head 17 having been clamped upon the upper end of themold-section 9, said blower-head communicating with a blowingpipe 18,the blank 12 is brought to finished form by air-pressure, whereupon thehalves of the mold 16 and the mold-section 9 are swung open and thefinished article is removed.

In the vdrawings I have for convenience shown the mold 16 as apaste-mold, which of course would be used in case a high finish isdesired. lSuch a mold is usually used in connection with suitablemechanism for revolving the same while the blank 12 is being blown toform; but I have not shown such mechanism, as its construction and useare well known in this art. So, also, while I have described the processas involving the blowing of the blank 12 to final form in the mold 16 itwill be understood that the blank may be in part or wholly formed byblowing while within or immediately after its removal from theglory-hole. So, again, while I have described my process as involvingthe finishing of the blank by pneumatic pressure it will be understoodthat the use of either direct or induced air-pressure is entirely withinthe spirit of my invention. So, also, various changes in details may bemade without departing' from the spirit of my invention, and the metalmay be gathered for formation into the blank in any suitable manner aswell as in the precise manner hereinabove described.

It will thus be observed that the essential features of my processcomprise molding the glass into a blank,.reheating the blank, and thenexpanding the blank to its final form. Preferably the blank should bereheated and expanded to finished form from the initial heating, and Ialso prefer to atleast slightly expand the blank during the period ofreheating, so as, to thereby most effectively remove the mold-marks.

While I have shown and described the blank as being partially hollowedby the use of a plunger before reheating and while I prefer to practicemy process in that way, it is not at all essential that the blank behollowed before reheating.

My process is adapted to the manufacture of hollow glass articles of anyshape or form, although I have merely shown and described it as appliedtothe manufacture ofV glass bulbs for incandescent lamps.

1. The process of manufacturing hollow glass articles, which comprisesforming a blank by casting fluid'glass, in the presence of a hightemperature, whereby the metal is maintained in a sufciently Huidcondition, reheating the blank so formed, and then expanding the blankto final form.

2. The process of making hollow glass articles, which comprises shapingmolten glass into a blank, removing said blank while still retainingmost of its initial heat to a reheating zone, reheating the exterior ofthat blank and then confining it to finished form and maintaining arotationof movement between the blank and the finishing-mold.

3. The process of making hollow glass articles, which comprises shapingmolten glass into a blank in the presence of a high temperature in amold, immediately reheating the exterior of the blank while the glass isstill plastic and retaining most of the initial heat and thenmanipulating the blank to final form.

4. The processV of manufacturing hollow glass articles, which comprisescasting fluid glass into incomplete form, in the presence of a hightemperature, whereby the metal is maintained in a sufficiently fluidcondition, removing and reheating the blank thus formed, while stillplastic, and finally expanding the blank to final form.

5. The process of making hollow glass articles, which comprises charginga mold directly from a supply of molten glass in the presence of .a hightemperature whereby the metal is maintained in a sufliciently fluidcondition, reheating the exterior of the blank so formed while stillplastic, expandingthe blank to final form, and simultaneously effectinga relative rotation between the blank and the final forming means.

6. The process of making hollow glass articles, which comprises shapingmolten glass into a blank in the presence of a high temperature wherebythe blank is maintained in a sufficiently fluid condition, reheating theblank while still plastic, expanding the blank during the reheatingstep, and subsequently manipulating the blank to final form.

7. The process of making hollow glass articles, which comprises flowingmolten glass into a mold in the presence of a high temperature wherebythe blank is maintained in a sufficiently fluid condition, pressing theglass while in the mold, reheating the blank so formed while stillplastic, and subsequently expanding the blank to final form.

8. The process of making glass articles, which comprises forming a blankwithin a IOO mold in the presence of a high temperature, reheating theblank while still plastic and retaining most of its initial heat, andexpanding the blank to final form before is has cooled.

5 9. The process of making glass articles,

which comprises flowing molten metal into a mold in the presence of ahigh temperature, pressing the blank so obtained, reheating the blankWhile still plastic and retaining most of its initial heat, partiallyexpanding the blank during the reheating step, and expanding the blankto final form.

10. rEhe process of making glass articles which comprises flowing moltenmetal into a sectional mold, in the presence of a high temperature, toform a blank, the upper portio'n of which is in engagement with aremovable section of the mold, immediately disengaging the saidremovable section, with the blank suspended therefrom, from the mold,immediately inserting the depending portion of the blank into areheating zone of a high, and substantially uniform, temperature, re-

case in the Patent Oice.

[SEAL] heating the blank therein, removing the blank,

still depending from said portion of the sec-I tional mold, from saidzone, and expanding the blank to final form.

1l. r[he process of making glass articles, Which comprises flowingmolten metal into a sectional mold, in the presence of al hightemperature.. to form a blank having the upper portion thereof securedwithin a removable section of said mold, immediately inserting thedepending portion of' said blank into a reheating zone of substantiallyuniform temperature, reheating the blank within said zone andsimultaneously partially expanding the blank, removing the blank stilldepending from the portion of' the sectional mold, inserting thereheated blank in ainishing-mold, and blowing the blank to final formWithin said iinishing-mold.

SOLON O. RICHARDSON, J R.

Witnesses:

JOHN H. WRIGHT, FRED E. WOLF.

It is hereby certified that in Letters Patent No. 760,150, granted May17, 1904,

upon the application of Solon O. Richardson, J r., of Toledo, Ohio, foran improvement in 'the Art of Manufacturing Hollow Glass Articles,errors appear in the printed specification requiring correction, asfollows: On page 2, line 81, after the Word confining the Words theblank and expanding should be inserted, and in line 89, same page, theWord the should read its; and that the said Letters Patent should beread with Athese corrections therein that the same may conform to therecord of the Signed and sealed this 14th day of June, A. D., 1904.

E. B. MOORE,

Acting Commissioner of Patents.

mold in the presence of a high temperature, reheating the blank whilestill plastic and retaining most of its initial heat, and expanding theblank to final form before is has cooled.

5 9. The process of making glass articles,

which comprises flowing molten metal into a mold in the presence of ahigh temperature, pressing the blank so obtained, reheating the blankWhile still plastic and retaining most of its initial heat, partiallyexpanding the blank during the reheating step, and expanding the blankto final form.

10. rEhe process of making glass articles which comprises flowing moltenmetal into a sectional mold, in the presence of a high temperature, toform a blank, the upper portio'n of which is in engagement with aremovable section of the mold, immediately disengaging the saidremovable section, with the blank suspended therefrom, from the mold,immediately inserting the depending portion of the blank into areheating zone of a high, and substantially uniform, temperature, re-

case in the Patent Oice.

[SEAL] heating the blank therein, removing the blank,

still depending from said portion of the sec-I tional mold, from saidzone, and expanding the blank to final form.

1l. r[he process of making glass articles, Which comprises flowingmolten metal into a sectional mold, in the presence of al hightemperature.. to form a blank having the upper portion thereof securedwithin a removable section of said mold, immediately inserting thedepending portion of' said blank into a reheating zone of substantiallyuniform temperature, reheating the blank within said zone andsimultaneously partially expanding the blank, removing the blank stilldepending from the portion of' the sectional mold, inserting thereheated blank in ainishing-mold, and blowing the blank to final formWithin said iinishing-mold.

SOLON O. RICHARDSON, J R.

Witnesses:

JOHN H. WRIGHT, FRED E. WOLF.

It is hereby certified that in Letters Patent No. 760,150, granted May17, 1904,

upon the application of Solon O. Richardson, J r., of Toledo, Ohio, foran improvement in 'the Art of Manufacturing Hollow Glass Articles,errors appear in the printed specification requiring correction, asfollows: On page 2, line 81, after the Word confining the Words theblank and expanding should be inserted, and in line 89, same page, theWord the should read its; and that the said Letters Patent should beread with Athese corrections therein that the same may conform to therecord of the Signed and sealed this 14th day of June, A. D., 1904.

E. B. MOORE,

Acting Commissioner of Patents.

Corrections in Letters Patent No. 760,150.

It is hereby certified that in Letters Patent No. 760,150, granted May17, 1904, upon the application of Solon O. Richardson, Jr., of Toledo,Ohio, for an improvement in the Art of Manufacturing Hollow GlassArticles, errors appear in the printed specification requiringcorrection, as follows: On page 2, line 81, after the word confining theWords the blank and expanding should be inserted, and in line 89, samepage, the word the should read its; and that the said Letters Patentshould be read with ,these corrections therein that the same may conformto the record of the case in the Patent Oice.

Signed and sealed this 14th day of June, A. D., 1904.

[SEAL] E. B. MOORE,

Acting Commissioner of Patents.

AHM. g

